What is Route 53?
Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS). Likewise, EKS as K8s service, Ec2 as compute service, Route 53 provides DNS as a service.
What is a DNS service?
Let's understand with a simple example, As we know, any user request enters VPC through an internet gateway and if a load balancer is present, the load balancer forwards the request to a private subnet where our application is running. The load balancer and application are assigned an Ip address but the user never uses IP addresses to access that application. Instead, they use something called Domain Name. Example: Amazon. com, Google.com etc
But, there should be some sort of way that this Domain name should resolve into the IP Address of Load Balancer, comes into the picture DNS service. So, it helps to resolve the Domain name into the respective IP Address.
Why Domain name?
Two main reasons to use a Domain name are:
The first one is it is easier to remember the domain name rather than IP Address.
In the absence of a Load balancer the IP address is dynamic and keeps changing so we use a Domain name instead IP address.
Why Route53?
let's say XYZ company make a nice application for a domain name then What they will do? They simply go to Go Daddy and buy a domain name let's say XYZ.com. Once they buy a domain name they further go for a hosting solution and apart from that they have to maintain the DNS record all the time . So, Aws say if you are hosting your application on our platform then don't bother about this thing I will provide something called Route 53 which takes care of all the problems mentioned above.
Functionality of Route 53.
Domain Registration:
The first thing you have to do is domain registration. For that, you can buy the domain from AWS only or you can go from Go Daddy. If you buy a domain name 3 years back and want to use it now then you can also integrate that domain name.
Hosted Zones:
Either you can buy a domain name from AWS or you can buy from Somewhere then you have to create the hosted Zones which consist of DNS records. A DNS record holds the IP address of a domain.
Health Checking:
Route 53 health checks are a function that allows you to monitor the health of selected types of AWS resources or any endpoints that can respond to requests.
Archiecture of ROUTE53
when any user wants to access our application first it goes to Route 53 and it check the DNS record and Resolved the Domain name into IP address and forwards the request to the application.
CONCLUSION
Amazon Route 53 is more than just a DNS service; it's a powerful tool that empowers you to manage your domain names and route traffic efficiently. From its intuitive interface to its advanced routing capabilities, Route 53 offers a wealth of features that cater to the needs of both novice users and seasoned professionals.